Roland Herbert Bainton (March 30, 1894 – February 13, 1984) was a British-born American Protestant church historian.
Bainton's father was a pacifist, and he himself married a Quaker. Graduating from seminary just as World War I began, he was a pacifist and became a conscientious objector. He affiliated with the Society of Friends' unit of the American Red Cross. Although he was ordained as a Congregationalist minister, he never served as the pastor of a congregation.
Bainton wore his scholarship lightly and had a lively, readable style. His most popular books were Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther (1950), which sold more than a million copies, and The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century (1952), both of which were widely used as textbooks. In all, he was the author of more than 30 books on Christianity. Many of Bainton's books are illustrated with examples taken from his collection of Medieval art and Renaissance drawings, , and . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1954.
A Festschrift in honor of Roland Bainton was published in 1962."REFORMATION STUDIES: Essays in Honor of ROLAND H. BAINTON", edited by FRANKLIN H. LITTELL, JOHN KNOX PRESS RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
In his chapter on Luther's writings in Invitation to the Classics, Mark Noll singles out Bainton's biography: "Of the many superlative treatments, a half-century old study by Roland Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, has justly won a reputation as a classic work on a classic subject."
Bainton was severely critical of Erik Erickson's psychoanalytic biography of Luther, Young Man Luther.
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